Analisis Dampak Digital Nomad Economy terhadap Produktivitas Regional Dan Kesenjangan Ekonomi di Negara-Negara ASEAN

Ris Setya Resa; Hastarini Dwi Atmanti

doi:10.37034/jems.v8i2.334

Authors

Ris Setya Resa Universitas Diponegoro
Hastarini Dwi Atmanti Universitas Diponegoro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37034/jems.v8i2.334

Keywords:

Digital Nomad, Ekonomi ASEAN, Produktivitas Regional, Analisis Data Panel

Abstract

Pertumbuhan pesat digital nomadisme telah berdampak signifikan pada kawasan ASEAN, di mana biaya hidup yang menguntungkan dan infrastruktur yang membaik menarik pekerja jarak jauh. Penelitian ini menganalisis fenomena ekonomi digital nomad di kawasan ASEAN dan dampaknya terhadap produktivitas regional serta kesenjangan ekonomi antar negara. Menggunakan data panel dari enam negara ASEAN (Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Filipina, dan Singapura) periode 2019-2024, penelitian ini menerapkan regresi data panel dengan pendekatan fixed effects model. Data diperoleh dari kantor statistik nasional, catatan imigrasi, basis data World Bank, dan Sekretariat ASEAN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi digital nomad memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan PDRB per kapita dengan koefisien 0,324 (p<0,05), mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan 1% populasi digital nomad berasosiasi dengan peningkatan 0,324% PDRB per kapita. Namun, distribusi digital nomad yang tidak merata memperburuk kesenjangan ekonomi antar wilayah dengan koefisien Gini meningkat 0,08% untuk setiap peningkatan 1.000 digital nomad. Kualitas infrastruktur digital dan biaya hidup terbukti memoderasi hubungan tersebut. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi penting bagi pembuat kebijakan dalam merancang strategi untuk mengoptimalkan manfaat ekonomi dari mobilitas tenaga kerja global sambil memitigasi dampak negatif terhadap kesenjangan regional.

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