Islamic Work Ethics, Organizational Culture, and Employee Performance in a Local Government Human Resource Agency: Evidence from North Musi Rawas, Indonesia

Leni Marlina KS; Rachmiya Saputri; Nur Hamidah

doi:10.37034/jems.v8i4.518

Authors

Leni Marlina KS Universitas Islam Nusantara Al-Azhaar Lubuklinggau
Rachmiya Saputri Universitas Islam Nusantara Al-Azhaar Lubuklinggau
Nur Hamidah Universitas Islam Nusantara Al-Azhaar Lubuklinggau

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37034/jems.v8i4.518

Keywords:

Islamic Work Ethics, Organizational Culture, Employee Performance, BKPSDM, Multiple Linear Regression

Abstract

The performance of local government apparatus needs to be strengthened through human resource management that is not only oriented toward technical competence, but also toward ethical values, work culture, and public service responsibility. This study aims to analyze the influence of the implementation of Islamic work ethics and organizational culture on the performance of BKPSDM employees of North Musi Rawas Regency. This research uses a quantitative approach with an associative design. The research sample consisted of 35 employees selected through saturated sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 27 through validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that the implementation of Islamic work ethics, organizational culture, and employee performance are in the very high category. Partially, the implementation of Islamic work ethics has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, while organizational culture has a positive but insignificant effect. Simultaneously, the two variables have a significant effect on employee performance with an R-squared value of 0.505. These findings affirm the importance of maintaining and optimizing the values of trust, responsibility, honesty, discipline, and operational work culture in improving apparatus performance. The implications of this study indicate that strengthening Islamic work ethics needs to be integrated with organizational development, performance evaluation, and the development of a more operational work culture in local government institutions. Its contribution lies in strengthening human resource management based on Islamic values in the local government context.

References

Aflah, N., & Mursid, A. (2021). Islamic work ethics and employee performance: The role of Islamic motivation, affective commitment, and job satisfaction. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 997-1007. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.997

Udin, Udin, Dananjoyo, Radyan, Shaikh, Mohsin, & Vio Linarta, Densy (2022). Islamic Work Ethics, Affective Commitment, and Employee’s Performance in Family Business: Testing Their Relationships. Sage Open, 12(1), 21582440221085264. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221085263

Nasution, F. N., & Rafiki, A. (2019). Islamic work ethics, organizational commitment and job satisfaction of Islamic banks in Indonesia. RAUSP Management Journal, 55(2), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-01-2019-0011

Paais, M., & Pattiruhu, J. (2020). Effect of Motivation, Leadership, and Organizational Culture on Satisfaction and Employee Performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7, 577–588. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no8.577

Hayati, K., & Caniago, I. (2025). Exploring the influence of ethical leadership on employee performance: the mediating role of Islamic work ethic. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 41(3), 608–629. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-09-2024-0269

Qasim, M., Irshad, M., Majeed, M., & Rizvi, S. T. H. (2022). Examining Impact of Islamic Work Ethic on Task Performance: Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital and a Moderating Role of Ethical Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 180(1), 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04916-y

Linando, J. A., Tumewang, Y. K., Nahda, K., & Nurfauziah (2023). The dynamic effects of religion: An exploration of religiosity influences on Islamic work ethic over time. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2181127. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2181127

Nauman, S., Malik, S. Z., Saleem, F., & Ashraf Elahi, S. (2024). How emotional labor harms employee’s performance: unleashing the missing links through anxiety, quality of work-life and Islamic work ethic. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(12), 2131–2161. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2023.2167522

Rubbab, U.-, Irshad, M., Abid, S., Ejaz, S., Ejaz, F., & Hossain, M. B. (2024). Examining the impact of Islamic work ethics on employee voice behavior: mediating effect of felt obligation for constructive change and moderating role of sanctification of work. Cogent Psychology, 11(1), 2348860. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2024.2348860

Nurimansjah, R. A., Erwina, E., Anggoro KR, M. Y. A. R., & Hamid, M. A. (2025). Employee Performance: Exploring Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Employee Engagement as a Mediator in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Food Sector. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 22(4), 955–969. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2024.022.04.03

Wua, I. W. G., Noermijati, N., & Yuniarinto, A. (2022). The Influence of Organizational Culture on The Employee Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 20(3), 542–551. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.03.07

Effiyaldi, E., Mulyono, H., Suratno, E., & Pasaribu, J. P. K. (2024). The Effect of Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Creative Self Efficacy on Innovative Work Behavior and Employee Performance Moderated by Digital Literacy. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 22(2 SE-Cultural Studies), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2024.022.02.04

Maryani, M., Nurhadi, N., & Adnan, M. A. Bin (2022). Implementation of Job Commitment and Job Motivation Toward Optimization of Job Satisfaction Through Employee Performance. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 20(2 SE-Articles), 254–262. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.02.04

Ghanad, A. (2023). An overview of quantitative research methods. International journal of multidisciplinary research and analysis, 6(08), 3794–3803. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i8-52

Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092

Capili, B. (2021). Cross-Sectional Studies. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 121(10), 59-62. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000794280.73744.fe

Maier, C., Thatcher, J. B., Grover, V., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023). Cross-sectional research: A critical perspective, use cases, and recommendations for IS research. International Journal of Information Management, 70, 102625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102625

Ahmed, S. K. (2024). The pillars of trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 2, 100051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100051

White, M. (2023). Sample size in quantitative instrument-based studies published in Scopus up to 2022: An artificial intelligence aided systematic review. Acta Psychologica, 241, 104095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104095

Metallinos-Katsaras, E., & Beto, J. (2025). Survey Methodology for Data Collection and Analysis in Nutrition and Dietetics Research. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 125(5), 615–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2024.06.002

Hall, Steven, & Liebenberg, Linda (2024). Qualitative Description as an Introductory Method to Qualitative Research for Master’s-Level Students and Research Trainees. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23, 16094069241242264. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241242264

Andrade, Chittaranjan (2021). A Student’s Guide to the Classification and Operationalization of Variables in the Conceptualization and Design of a Clinical Study: Part 1. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 43(2), 177–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717621994334

Barroga, E., & Matanguihan, G. J. (2022). A Practical Guide to Writing Quantitative and Qualitative Research Questions and Hypotheses in Scholarly Articles. jkms, 37(16), e121-0. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e121

Lambert, Lisa Schurer, & Newman, Daniel A (2023). Construct Development and Validation in Three Practical Steps: Recommendations for Reviewers, Editors, and Authors*. Organizational Research Methods, 26(4), 574–607. https://doi.org/10.1177/10944281221115374

Ranganathan, P., & Caduff, C. (2023). Designing and validating a research questionnaire - Part 1. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.picr_140_23

Kusmaryono, I., Wijayanti, D., & Risqi, H. (2022). Number of Response Options, Reliability, Validity, and Potential Bias in the Use of the Likert Scale Education and Social Science Research: A Literature Review. Başlık, 8(4), 625–637. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.8.4.625

Ferrando, P. J., Morales-Vives, F., Casas, J. M., & Muñiz, J. (2025). Likert Scales: A Practical Guide to Design, Construction and Use. Psicothema, 37(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.70478/psicothema.2025.37.24

Dalglish, S. L., Khalid, H., & McMahon, S. A. (2020). Document analysis in health policy research: the READ approach. Health Policy and Planning, 35(10), 1424–1431. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa064

Repke, L., Birkenmaier, L., & Lechner, C. (2024). Validity in survey research-from research design to measurement instruments. GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.15465/gesis-sg_en_048

Roustaei, N. (2024). Application and interpretation of linear-regression analysis. Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal, 13(3), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1506

Shatz, I. (2024). Assumption-checking rather than (just) testing: The importance of visualization and effect size in statistical diagnostics. Behavior Research Methods, 56(2), 826–845. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02072-x

Castro, Andrene J (2022). Managing Competing Demands in a Teacher Shortage Context: The Impact of Teacher Shortages on Principal Leadership Practices. Educational Administration Quarterly, 59(1), 218–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X221140849

Abdillah, M. R., Anita, R., Rahmat, A., Zulhendra, Z., & Oemar, F. (2023). Islamic Work Ethics in Thwarting Knowledge-Hiding Behavior among Organization Members. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, 16(2), 247–264. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i1.4998

S, Z., Jafar, E., Muhajir, M. N. A., & Rusli, M. (2023). Organizational Commitment, Employees Performance and Islamic Work Ethics: Halal Restaurant Perspective. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam (Journal of Islamic Economics and Business), 9(1 SE-Articles), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.20473/jebis.v9i1.38701

R Taufiq Nur Muftiyanto, & Dodik Jatmika (2025). Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Religious Values Impact on Employee Performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(5), 4101–4112. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v13i5.4131

Sulastri, L., Supratman, I., Yuliyani, N., Nurjaman, K., & Lanika, M. A. (2025). Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Motivation in Indonesian Manufacturing Firms. In Gunung Djati Conference Series (Vol. 56, pp. 1693-1704).

Martini, N. N. P., Nafi'ah, N. I., Qomariah, N., & Sari, M. D. (2024). Dynamics of Work Motivation: Unveiling the Mediating Role in the Relationship Between Organizational Culture, Work Environment, and Job Promotion on Employee Performance. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 22(4), 939–954. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2024.022.04.02

Dewi, P., & Fitrio, T. (2022). The Role of Adaptive Millennial Leadership, Organizational Culture, And Competency as A Strategy to Increase Employee Performance. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 20(3), 697–710. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.03.17

Marnisah, L., Kore, J. R. R., & Ora, F. H. (2022). Employee Performance Based on Competency, Career Development, and Organizational Culture. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 20(3), 632–650. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2022.020.03.13