Determinan Green Jobs Employability di Indonesia: Pengaruh Akses Pelatihan dan Pengalaman Proyek dengan Moderasi Potensial Market Demand

Restu Andini; Eric Harianto

doi:10.37034/jems.v8i4.530

Authors

Restu Andini Universitas Ciputra
Eric Harianto Universitas Ciputra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37034/jems.v8i4.530

Keywords:

Green Jobs, Employability, Training Access, Project Experience, Human Capital

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of training access and project-based experience on green jobs employability, with potential market demand as a moderating variable. The transition toward a green economy has significantly increased the need for a workforce equipped with relevant competencies; however, there remains a gap between skill supply and industry demand. This research adopts a quantitative explanatory approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) to examine causal relationships among variables. The population consists of fresh graduates, final-year students, vocational graduates, and early career workers who have participated in green jobs training, bootcamps, or internships in Indonesia. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with 216 respondents across Indonesia. The findings are expected to demonstrate that both training access and project experience positively influence green jobs employability. Furthermore, potential market demand plays a moderating role by strengthening the relationship between competency development and employability outcomes. This study contributes theoretically by integrating human capital theory and employability theory with labor market demand perspectives. Practically, this research reinforces the need for the development of the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) for green workers, supporting green industries, and developing the capacity of Indonesia's green workforce.

References

International Labour Organization. (2018). World employment and social outlook 2018: Greening with jobs. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/publications/world-employment-and-social-outlook-2018-greening-jobs

World Bank. (2013). What matters for workforce development: A framework and tool for analysis (SABER Working Paper Series No. 6). Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/608191468326178977

Yorke, M. (2006). Employability in higher education: What it is–what it is not (Learning and Employability Series 1). York, England: The Higher Education Academy. Retrieved from https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/employability-higher-education-what-it-what-it-not

Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (3rd ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Jackson, D. (2015). Employability skill development in work-integrated learning: Barriers and best practice. Studies in Higher Education, 40(2), 350–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.842221

Tomlinson, M. (2017). Introduction: Graduate employability in context: Charting a complex, contested and multi-faceted policy and research field. In M. Tomlinson & L. Holmes (Eds.), Graduate employability in context: Theory, research and debate (pp. 1–40). London, England: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57168-7_1

Spence, M. (1973). Job market signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355–374. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882010

OECD. (2014). Greener skills and jobs. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264208704-en

De Grip, A., & Sauermann, J. (2013). The effect of training on productivity: The transfer of on-the-job training from the perspective of economics. Educational Research Review, 8, 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2012.05.005

Pianda, D., Hilmiana, Widianto, S., & Sartika, D. (2024). The impact of internship experience on the employability of vocational students: A bibliometric and systematic review. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2386465

Azila-Gbettor, E. M., Mensah, C., Quarshie, A. N. K., & Abiemo, M. K. (2024). Thematic, research design and theory application of business internship research: A systematic review. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2331270

Lavado-Anguera, S., Velasco-Quintana, P.-J., & Terrón-López, M.-J. (2024). Project-based learning (PBL) as an experiential pedagogical methodology in engineering education: A review of the literature. Education Sciences, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060617

da Costa, T., Aranda Lopez, L. I., Perussello, C., Quinn, F., Crowley, Q. G., McMahon, H., & Holden, N. M. (2025). Addressing the demand for green skills: Bridging the gap between university outcomes and industry requirements. Sustainability, 17(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062732

Albertz, A., & Pilz, M. (2025). Green alignment, green vocational education and training, green skills and related subjects: A literature review on actors, contents and regional contexts. International Journal of Training and Development, 29(2), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12359

OECD. (2024). Training supply for the green and AI transitions: Equipping workers with the right skills. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/7600d16d-en

Bone, M., González Ehlinger, E., & Stephany, F. (2025). Skills or degree? The rise of skill-based hiring for AI and green jobs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124042

World Economic Forum. (2025). Global Shapers impact report: Engaging young people in decision-making: Enabling active citizenship. Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-shapers-impact-report-2025/

LinkedIn Economic Graph. (2024). Global green skills report 2024. Retrieved from https://economicgraph.linkedin.com/content/dam/me/economicgraph/en-us/PDF/Global-Green-Skills-Report-2024.pdf

Adiyoso, W. (2024). Green jobs, bright futures: Bridging economy and sustainability. The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v5i3.654

OECD. (2025). Employment and skills policies for the green transition: Review of international good practices. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/f0c558fa-en

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.